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• Biomarkers indicative of
hypermutation & neoantigens may
predict response to IO treatment
Examples:
‒
TMB, MSI-high, neoantigens
Tumor Antigens
• Biomarkers that identify tumor
immune system evasion beyond
PD-1/CTLA-4 to inform new IO
targets and rational combinations
Examples:
‒
Tregs, MDSCs, IDO, LAG-3
Tumor Immune
Suppression
• Biomarkers (intra- or peri-tumoral)
indicative of an inflamed phenotype
may predict response to IO treatment
Examples:
‒
PD-L1, inflammatory signatures
Inflamed Tumor
Microenvironment
• Biomarkers which characterize the
host environment, beyond tumor
microenvironment, may predict
response to IO treatment
Examples:
‒
Microbiome, germline genetics
Host Environment
Tumor
Antigens
Tumor Immune
Suppression
Inflamed
Tumor
IDO = indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase; LAG-3 = lymphocyte activation gene-3; MDSCs = myeloid-derived suppressor cells;
MSI-high = microsatellite instability high; TMB = tumor mutational burden. Adapted from Blank C.U. et al.
Science
2016;352:658–660.
Tumor and Immune Biomarkers Being Evaluated to
Predict Better Outcomes to Immuno-Oncology Therapy