The PI3K cascade regulates cell growth and survival
Ras
4EBP1
Raf
ERK
RSK
PI3K
mTORC1
S6K
Rheb
S6
PIP
3
Tuberin
PTEN
mTORC2
MEK
AKT
PDK1
HERs
FoxO
BAD
GSK3a/b
•
Apoptosis
•
Cell cycle
•
Metabolism
•
Protein synthesis
•
Cell growth
•
Cell proliferation
Frequent molecular alterations
that activate the PI3K pathway