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The PI3K cascade regulates cell growth and survival

Ras

4EBP1

Raf

ERK

RSK

PI3K

mTORC1

S6K

Rheb

S6

PIP

3

Tuberin

PTEN

mTORC2

MEK

AKT

PDK1

HERs

FoxO

BAD

GSK3a/b

Apoptosis

Cell cycle

Metabolism

Protein synthesis

Cell growth

Cell proliferation

Frequent molecular alterations

that activate the PI3K pathway